Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, significantly impacts oral health. The intricate relationship between diabetes and oral conditions warrants attention, as both conditions can exacerbate each other. In this paper, we delve into the effects of diabetes on oral health, highlighting key aspects and recommendations.

1. Dry Mouth

• Elevated blood sugar reduces saliva production, leading to dry mouth.
• Dry mouth increases the risk of cavities and gum disease.
• Recommendation: Stay hydrated and consider sugar-free gum or lozenges
• High blood sugar levels can reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Saliva helps cleanse the mouth and neutralize acids, so reduced saliva flow can increase the risk of cavities and gum disease.

2. Gum Disease (Gingivitis and Periodontitis)

• Diabetics are more prone to gum inflammation (gingivitis) and severe gum disease (periodontitis).
• Impaired immune function contributes to these issues.
• Maintain excellent oral hygiene. Treating gum disease improves blood sugar control.

3. Delayed Healing

• Infections in the mouth take longer to heal due to compromised immunity.
• Prompt oral care is crucial to prevent complications.

4. Other Considerations

• Halitosis (Bad Breath): High blood sugar can cause chronic bad breath.
• Tooth Loss: Untreated gum disease may lead to tooth loss.
• Oral Thrush: Diabetics are at higher risk of fungal infections.

5. Statistics and Costs

• Adults with diabetes are 40% more likely to have untreated cavities.
• Periodontal disease is a leading cause of tooth loss.
• Dental costs for diabetics are above average, totaling $1.9 billion annually in the US.